Oral Health Articles

Medial Perspectives on Prematurity

Pregnancy and Oral Health

Can  Oral Health Have an Effect on Pregnancy?

•Poor maternal oral health during the perinatal period contributes to the incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight, and also increases the risk of early childhood caries among offspring.

Preterm Birth:

• The Single most important cause of perinatal mortality (28 weeks gestation through 6 days of life) in the U.S. (accounts for approximate 75% of these losses)
• Leading cause of neonatal mortality (0-27 days) in U.S.
• Second leading cause of infant mortality in U.S.
• Leading cause of black infant mortality in U.S.
• Major determinant of neonatal and infant illness

•Poor oral health can affect pregnancy and the early life of the baby.

•Every woman who is, or who may become pregnant should understand her unique dental needs and  be encouraged to take steps to maintain good oral health.

*It appears that gum disease triggers increased levels of biological fluid that induce labor. Data also suggests that when gum disease worsens during pregnancy, there's a higher risk of having a premature baby.

What Oral Problems Might Develop During My Pregnancy?

Studies show that many pregnant women experience pregnancy gingivitis.

Periodontal Disease (Gingivitis):

• Is a mild form of periodontal disease
• Inflammation of the marginal gingiva
• Oral microbes attach to the tooth surface –Bacteria colonizes developing into plaque.
• Hormones and drugs can aggravate gingivitis.

Signs of gingival inflammation:

• Bleeding of the gums
• Swelling
• Redness
• Sensitivity

Perinatal complications of periodontal disease (Gingivitis):

• Preterm birth
• Low birth weight
• Early childhood caries

Dental Care in Pregnancy

•1st Trimester - professional care and proper brushing and flossing are important.

•2nd Trimester – best time to perform necessary treatment.

•3rd Trimester - follow up on home care and evaluation of gum tissue

Pregnancy and Oral Health:Development of Prenatal Guidelines, Renee Samelson MD FACOG. Power Point Presentation. September 30,2004. MINCR's Oral Health Conference

What can I Expect When I Visit My Dentist During My Pregnancy?

First, be sure to let your dentist know you are pregnant  when you schedule your appointment. It is best to schedule your dental visit during the fourth to sixth month of your pregnancy. This is because the first three months of pregnancy are thought to be of greatest importance in your child's development. During the last trimester, stresses associated with dental visits can increase the incidence of prenatal complications.

Typically, X-rays, dental anesthetics, pain medications and antibiotics ( especially tetracycline) are not prescribe during the first trimester, unless it is absolutely necessary. During the last three months of pregnancy, sitting for long periods of time in the dental chair can become uncomfortable. And there is evidence that pregnant women can be more prone to gagging. Your dentist, however, is prepared for this situation.

If you need to schedule and emergency visit, let the office know about your pregnancy before you arrive. Discuss any stresses, past miscarriages and drugs you are taking as these can all have an influence on how your dentist attends your needs. Your dentist may also want to consult with your physician before any treatment is started.

If you have any doubts or concerns, insist that your dentist and physician discuss your particular need. If your dentist prescribes medication, do not exceed the prescribed dosage. This includes aspirin.

What Can I Do to Ensure I Have a Healthy Pregnancy?

The best advise to women considering pregnancy is to visit their dentist for a checkup and to treat any oral problems before becoming pregnant. During your pregnancy your teeth and gums need special attention. Regular brushing and flossing, eating a balanced diet and visiting your dentist regularly will help reduce dental problems that accompany pregnancy.

Keeping your teeth clean, especially near the gumline, will help dramatically reduce or even prevent gingivitis during your pregnancy. And substituting sweets with more wholesome foods such as cheese, fresh fruits or vegetable is better for you teeth.

ased on: Diane Ashton, MD, MPH Associate Medical, Office of March of Dimes- Birth Defects Foundation Office of the Medical Director Pregnancy Related Dental Problems. Power Point presentation, Sept 30, 2004. MINCR's Oral Health Conference.

www.colgate.com/app/colgate/US/OC/Information/OralHealthatanyage/adults/

For more information also visit March of Dimes

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